{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Bethany, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Bethany in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Bethany",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 5271
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 792.22
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 229756.713147
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.150298
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0251
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Burlington",
    "North Stonington",
    "Harwinton",
    "Marlborough",
    "Bolton",
    "Middlebury",
    "Woodbridge",
    "Granby",
    "New Hartford",
    "Haddam",
    "Pomfret",
    "East Granby"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.7494
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.7984
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.7989
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.8031
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.8609
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.9425
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 0.9546
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.9667
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.9809
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0046
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.0388
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.0564
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.0679
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.1021
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.1677
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.2123
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.2141
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.2296
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.234
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.2402
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.2468
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.3369
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.3456
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.3804
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.3972
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.4227
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.4242
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.4253
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.4417
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.4554
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.471
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.4842
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.5357
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.5398
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.5453
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.5538
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.5571
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.5681
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.5696
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.5743
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.5788
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.5888
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.6084
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.6184
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.6185
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.6333
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.6556
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.681
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.6831
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.6943
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.6955
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.7078
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.7097
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.7532
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 1.7696
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.774
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.7742
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.7856
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.7914
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.8133
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.815
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.817
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.8495
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.8642
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.9029
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.9098
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.9329
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.9677
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.9723
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.978
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.9846
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.994
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.9944
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.0136
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.04
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.0401
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.0473
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.067
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.1003
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.1103
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.1181
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.1369
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.1396
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.2366
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.2435
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.2601
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.2658
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.2761
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.2822
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.2885
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.2912
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.3183
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.3207
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.3284
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.3365
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.3636
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.3823
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.4009
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.4447
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.4683
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.4854
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.4917
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.4987
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.5176
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5313
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.5349
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.5394
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.5512
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 2.5615
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.5945
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 2.595
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.5966
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.618
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.6301
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.658
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.6677
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.6937
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.7015
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.7526
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.7604
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.7703
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.7718
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.7871
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.8203
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.9164
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.0739
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 3.079
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.0824
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.0875
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.1086
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.1347
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.1829
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.226
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 3.2281
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.2596
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.2683
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.2687
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.2816
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.2842
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 3.293
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 3.2933
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.309
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.3195
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.3229
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.3685
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 3.4064
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 3.4349
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.4976
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 3.5421
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.5839
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 3.6152
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.637
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.6834
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.6993
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.7549
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.7567
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.8472
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 4.0459
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 4.0712
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 4.2324
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.2516
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.3604
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.5843
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 4.6275
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.9045
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.9908
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 6.2172
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 6.2196
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "North Stonington",
    "Middlebury",
    "Marlborough",
    "Burlington",
    "Canton",
    "Bolton",
    "East Granby",
    "Harwinton",
    "Preston",
    "Prospect",
    "Granby",
    "Woodstock"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.1769
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.3893
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.5015
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.6348
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.6571
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.6578
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 0.7422
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.761
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.8066
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.8157
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.8189
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.8314
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 0.8418
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8555
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.8789
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.9047
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 0.9135
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.9375
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.9436
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 0.9705
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 0.9901
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.9913
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.994
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.0316
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.052
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.0662
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.0741
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.0849
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.0917
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.1126
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.1522
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.1552
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.1555
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.1796
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.2016
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.2146
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.2197
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.2211
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.2228
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.2267
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.2478
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.2728
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.2871
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.2908
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.2992
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.3177
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.3196
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.3234
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.3301
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.331
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.3368
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.3532
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.3591
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.3612
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.3918
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.408
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.4126
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.4247
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.4251
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.4577
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     "town": "East Haven",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 37.3,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}