{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Bolton, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Bolton in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Bolton",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 4834
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 712.29
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 170064.08254
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.14735
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0276
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Marlborough",
    "Salem",
    "Woodstock",
    "Pomfret",
    "Middlebury",
    "Burlington",
    "North Stonington",
    "Hebron",
    "Canton",
    "Granby",
    "Harwinton",
    "Bethany"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.2788
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.642
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.6861
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.7118
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.7162
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.7237
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.7326
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.7737
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.7753
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.7857
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.7965
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 0.8609
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.8632
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 0.9433
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.9581
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.0093
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0154
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.069
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.1226
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.143
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.1739
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.1806
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.1816
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.1933
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.2231
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.2307
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.2338
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.2406
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.2439
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.2655
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.2904
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.2932
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.3274
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.333
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.352
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.3792
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.383
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.3961
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.4219
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.4231
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.4264
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.4272
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.4371
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.4548
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.4772
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.482
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.4823
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.4872
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.5139
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.5247
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.5339
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.571
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.5966
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.61
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.6277
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.6317
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.6331
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.6361
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.6369
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.6456
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.6558
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.6574
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.6594
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.6681
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.6847
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.723
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.7323
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.7338
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.7396
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.744
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.7774
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.7941
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.8049
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.8103
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.842
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.8601
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.865
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.8654
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.8683
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.8684
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.8743
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.8784
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.8998
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.9018
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.9078
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.9229
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.9468
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.9688
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 1.9818
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.9919
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.9941
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.013
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.0365
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.0563
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.107
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.1136
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.135
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.1572
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.1605
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.1747
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.1896
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.2979
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.2993
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.3188
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.3743
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.3773
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.3823
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.441
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.4781
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.4837
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.5045
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.5377
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.5622
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.5709
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.5871
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.616
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.6161
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.6308
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.6463
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.6472
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.6637
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.7194
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.7489
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.7497
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.7617
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.7779
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.8161
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.8385
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.9141
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.9205
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.9228
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.9385
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.9746
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 3.0009
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.0142
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.064
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.0692
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.0699
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.074
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.0781
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.0899
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.1157
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.2024
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.419
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.4434
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.4613
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.4683
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.5246
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.5777
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.5866
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.5927
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.6194
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.6581
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 3.7802
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.8962
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 3.9409
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.0226
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.0921
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.1421
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.1474
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.1608
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.3496
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.3744
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.7129
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.5528
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.6176
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Marlborough",
    "Woodstock",
    "Lisbon",
    "Salem",
    "Preston",
    "Brooklyn",
    "Prospect",
    "Burlington",
    "Middlebury",
    "Bethany",
    "Hebron",
    "Canton"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.2633
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.4511
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.4729
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.5648
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.5713
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.5856
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.6175
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.6351
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.6414
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 0.6578
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.67
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.6724
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.6969
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.7188
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.7209
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.73
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.7442
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.8287
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.8352
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.8754
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.8842
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.9008
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 0.9362
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.961
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.9674
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.9824
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.9853
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.9962
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.0131
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.0556
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.0664
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.075
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.0776
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.0805
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.0821
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.0822
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 1.0915
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.0936
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.1191
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.1202
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.1319
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.1421
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.1505
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.1599
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.1738
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.1813
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.2113
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.2201
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.2294
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2529
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.2571
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.2617
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.2914
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.2966
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.2997
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.3011
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.306
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.3069
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.3109
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.3165
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    {
     "town": "East Haven",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 87.6,
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   "percentile": 59.2,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}