{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Cheshire, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Cheshire in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG B) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Cheshire",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 29200
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 4151.45
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 194581.357226
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.142173
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0273
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Southington",
    "Wethersfield",
    "Newtown",
    "Bethel",
    "Berlin",
    "Rocky Hill",
    "Newington",
    "East Lyme",
    "New Milford",
    "North Haven",
    "East Hampton",
    "Suffield"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 0.4456
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 0.4506
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 0.4882
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 0.5414
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 0.5508
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.5649
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 0.5793
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.5843
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 0.6092
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 0.6397
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.7814
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.7929
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 0.8008
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.8064
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 0.8392
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 0.865
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 0.8654
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 0.8658
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.8836
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8836
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 0.8955
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.9271
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 0.9323
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 0.9657
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 0.9808
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.0173
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.0358
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.0455
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.0517
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.0568
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 1.0589
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.1091
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.1351
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.2301
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.2344
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.2344
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.2421
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.2514
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.279
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.2811
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.2831
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.2905
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.2959
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.3031
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.3141
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.3189
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.3799
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.4335
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.439
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.4433
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.455
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.4615
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.4764
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.4842
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.4948
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.5073
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.5652
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.5665
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 1.5906
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.6415
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 1.6429
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.6558
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.6652
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.681
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.6879
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 1.7021
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.7356
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.7525
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.7594
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.7671
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 1.7684
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.7718
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.7726
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.7784
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.7826
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.786
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.7908
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.7917
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.813
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.8288
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.843
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.8667
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.8682
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 1.9023
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.9049
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.9253
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.9387
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.939
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.954
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 1.9554
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.9731
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.9761
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.9953
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.0196
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.029
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.0325
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.0595
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.0622
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.0646
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.0684
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.0911
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.1005
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.1065
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.1066
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.109
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.1245
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.1675
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.1903
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.2025
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.274
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.2898
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.3671
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 2.3682
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.399
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.4023
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.4405
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.4869
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.5283
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.5458
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.5483
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.5736
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.604
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.6189
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.6843
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.7031
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.7153
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.7278
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.7432
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.7473
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.7484
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.7509
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 2.8206
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.8597
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.8939
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.9086
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.9352
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.9582
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 3.0092
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.0223
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 3.0262
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.0959
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.128
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.1348
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.1701
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.1875
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.3038
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 3.4403
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 3.4714
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 3.5558
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.5661
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.7255
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.7313
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.7394
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.7407
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.7428
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.7987
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 3.815
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.8849
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.9283
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.9366
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 4.0687
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.0788
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.0875
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.2238
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.4141
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.8577
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.1212
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.1637
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Southington",
    "Windsor",
    "Wethersfield",
    "Newtown",
    "Bethel",
    "New Milford",
    "Berlin",
    "Stratford",
    "Brookfield",
    "Newington",
    "Rocky Hill",
    "East Lyme"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 0.3342
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 0.3542
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 0.4023
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 0.4433
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 0.4863
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 0.4872
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 0.5332
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 0.5608
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 0.5645
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 0.5763
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.5917
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.6008
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 0.6048
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.6175
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 0.6493
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.6994
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 0.7034
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 0.7173
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.7408
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.7896
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.8084
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.8196
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 0.8448
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 0.8451
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8507
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 0.8522
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.863
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 0.8641
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 0.8853
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 0.8908
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.8917
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.8919
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.8969
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 0.9287
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 0.9326
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.9329
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.9579
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.9757
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.9855
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.0021
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.0065
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.023
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.0269
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.0547
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.0764
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.0782
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.0947
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.1368
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.1412
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.1431
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.1438
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.1694
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.1755
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.1846
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.1884
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.1917
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.2072
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.2358
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.2467
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 53.8,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}