{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Durham, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Durham in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Durham",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 7204
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 891.07
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 188779.63312
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.123691
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0225
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "New Hartford",
    "Haddam",
    "Harwinton",
    "Clinton",
    "Barkhamsted",
    "Deep River",
    "Bozrah",
    "Pomfret",
    "Killingworth",
    "Bethany",
    "Hebron",
    "Suffield"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.797
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.8684
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.9038
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.0773
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.0854
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.1569
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.167
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.1786
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.2017
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.2296
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.2425
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.3037
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.3097
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.3245
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.3691
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.4377
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.4477
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.4672
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.4823
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.5237
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.5247
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.6174
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.6178
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.6195
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.6236
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.6378
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.6505
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.6625
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.6698
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.6717
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.6858
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.7083
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.7264
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.7337
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.7364
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.7384
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.759
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.7595
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.7606
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.7619
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.7721
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.7735
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.7826
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.7951
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.8063
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.8267
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.8335
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 1.8396
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.8471
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.8485
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.8499
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.854
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.8556
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.8858
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.8994
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.9206
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.9224
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.9308
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.9358
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.9411
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.9444
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.9503
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.9586
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.9802
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.9823
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.0328
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.0328
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.0421
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.0458
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.0573
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.0606
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.073
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.0788
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.0816
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.1022
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.1256
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.1419
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.1484
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.1612
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.1646
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.1685
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.1841
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.1923
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.2396
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.2441
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.2475
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.2491
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.2508
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.2598
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.2891
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.3044
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.3079
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.3155
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.3419
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.3525
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.3617
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.3763
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.4799
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.4885
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.5071
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.574
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.5991
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.6355
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.6376
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.6415
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.6694
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.6915
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.7044
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.7067
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.7301
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.7483
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.7619
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.781
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.7822
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.7997
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 2.8051
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 2.8101
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.8129
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.8474
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 2.8967
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.9319
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.9401
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.9448
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.9467
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.9685
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.9798
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.9801
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.0004
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.0544
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.0628
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.0674
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.0796
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.0832
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 3.1343
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.1442
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.2473
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.2596
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.2934
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.3099
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 3.331
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.3569
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.3948
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.4394
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.4751
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.4901
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 3.5444
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.5786
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.612
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 3.648
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.6663
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 3.7498
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.8011
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.8762
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.9423
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.9631
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.9733
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.0763
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.2463
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 4.2972
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.31
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.5544
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 4.5801
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.6394
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 4.8541
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.993
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 5.2414
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 6.4682
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 6.6036
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Lebanon",
    "New Hartford",
    "Haddam",
    "Harwinton",
    "Preston",
    "Pomfret",
    "Columbia",
    "Killingworth",
    "Canterbury",
    "Windsor Locks",
    "Somers",
    "North Branford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.0766
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.1566
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.2797
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.336
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.4198
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.4264
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.4727
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.4769
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.4942
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.4986
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.5051
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.5183
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.532
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.5653
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.5843
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.5955
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.6622
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.6656
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.6702
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.6885
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.6895
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.6962
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.6968
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.7651
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.777
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 0.7804
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.7974
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.803
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.8395
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.8408
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 0.8413
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.8508
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8542
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.8765
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.8792
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.8919
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.8991
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.9008
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.902
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.9159
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.9168
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.9239
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 0.925
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.9294
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.9337
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.9337
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.9402
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.941
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.944
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.9465
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 0.9635
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 0.9668
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.978
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 0.9785
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 0.9887
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.9889
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.0034
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.0216
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.0333
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 31.4,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}