{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Middlefield, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Middlefield in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Middlefield",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 4257
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 478.91
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 175468.8109
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.112499
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0295
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Columbia",
    "Canterbury",
    "Voluntown",
    "Andover",
    "Willington",
    "Killingworth",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Lebanon",
    "Chester",
    "East Haddam",
    "Chaplin",
    "Pomfret"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.4417
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.5014
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.5411
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.5466
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.5501
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.587
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.5882
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.659
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 0.662
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.747
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.7505
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.7735
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.7751
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.8378
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.8479
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 0.9256
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.9648
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 0.9908
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.994
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.0447
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.0535
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.0614
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.0872
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.092
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.0983
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.1117
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.1476
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.1551
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.1651
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.2093
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.224
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.2584
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.271
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.2788
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.299
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.3028
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.3135
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.333
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.3608
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.3701
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.375
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.3782
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.3866
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.4128
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.4219
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4326
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.451
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.455
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.4707
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.4985
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.5068
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.5134
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.5223
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.5241
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.5256
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.5579
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.5668
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.5691
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.5833
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.5838
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.6265
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.6386
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.6412
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.6412
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.6617
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.6696
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.683
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.6858
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.7113
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.7146
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.7319
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.7597
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.7606
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.7665
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.7856
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.7927
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.7951
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.7977
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.8003
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.8472
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.85
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.8555
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.8839
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.8992
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.9158
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.9266
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.9442
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.9465
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.9949
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.9949
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.0059
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.0164
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.028
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.0498
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.0632
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.0755
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.0854
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.0891
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.1065
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.1203
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.123
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.1485
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.1527
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.1557
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.1577
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.1758
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.1781
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.2096
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.2207
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.2266
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.2634
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.2738
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.302
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.3158
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.3325
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.3406
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.351
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.3589
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.3591
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.4664
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 2.4676
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.4731
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.5022
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.5039
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.5506
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.5642
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.5683
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 2.5899
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.6462
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.6464
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.7648
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 2.8144
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 2.8222
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.867
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 2.8811
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.8848
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.8858
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.8964
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.8971
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.9142
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 2.9372
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.959
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.0006
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.0127
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.0479
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.0719
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.075
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.2253
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.2389
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.3301
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.3854
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.5277
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.543
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.5515
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.5937
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.6817
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.7614
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 3.9319
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.1039
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.1065
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.145
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.2042
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.3508
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.5538
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.6252
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.9744
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.5501
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.6088
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "North Canaan",
    "Killingworth",
    "Barkhamsted",
    "Willington",
    "Canterbury",
    "Voluntown",
    "Columbia",
    "Sterling",
    "Deep River",
    "Andover",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Bozrah"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.2796
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.3475
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.3754
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.4033
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.4105
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.4149
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.4479
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.4853
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.4906
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.5272
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.5664
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 0.5998
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.6078
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.6104
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.6257
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 0.6302
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.6382
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.6656
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.7355
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.7477
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.767
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 0.7698
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.7699
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 0.7853
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.8027
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.8059
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.8142
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.8321
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.8471
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 0.8598
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 0.8648
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.8917
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 0.8986
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.934
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.9577
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.9675
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 0.9877
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.9937
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.0097
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.049
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.0827
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.101
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1303
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.1305
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.1546
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.2144
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.2318
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.277
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.2991
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.2997
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.3044
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.3269
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.3368
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.3756
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.3826
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.395
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.4017
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4059
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.4073
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.4231
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 30.2,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}