{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Middletown, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Middletown in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG G) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Middletown",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 47984
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 4508.24
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 148287.681623
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.093953
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.031
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Hamden",
    "Milford",
    "Vernon",
    "East Haven",
    "Groton",
    "Shelton",
    "Bloomfield",
    "Enfield",
    "Watertown",
    "Torrington",
    "Manchester",
    "Wallingford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 0.4836
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 1.0142
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.0149
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.1089
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.1246
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.1318
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.1369
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.1645
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.2342
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 1.2403
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.3173
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.3252
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.3715
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.4107
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.4957
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.5029
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.506
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.5363
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.5598
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.6093
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.6291
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.6297
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.6313
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.6563
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.668
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.7146
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.7661
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.7681
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.7701
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.7829
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.8132
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.8307
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.8316
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.8333
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.8358
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.8389
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.851
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.8655
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.8771
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.879
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 1.9037
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.9041
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.9049
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.9234
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.9388
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.9407
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.9492
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.9517
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.9558
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.9616
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.978
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.9837
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.992
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.0097
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 2.0325
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.0342
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.0525
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.0551
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.0575
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.0595
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.0707
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.0937
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.1028
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.1283
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.1537
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.156
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.1694
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.1831
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.1889
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.2273
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.2516
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.255
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.2658
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.3248
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.3249
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.3325
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.3688
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.3779
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.3877
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.3937
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.4075
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.4183
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.4396
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.4512
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.4671
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.4857
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.5017
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.5132
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.5341
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.5522
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.567
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.5776
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.5833
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.595
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.6032
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.6383
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.6597
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.6814
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.6819
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.6951
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.6963
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.7067
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.7481
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 2.7507
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.7597
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.7627
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.7748
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.7866
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.8129
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.814
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.8315
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.8389
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.8455
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.8479
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.8487
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.8688
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.8729
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.8876
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.9051
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.9385
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.9614
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 3.0224
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.0382
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.0501
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.1047
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 3.155
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.1633
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.1976
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.214
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 3.2251
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.2278
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 3.2322
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 3.237
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.2444
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 3.2475
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 3.2565
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 3.2687
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 3.3021
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.398
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 3.4355
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.4448
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.4799
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.5031
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.5095
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.5716
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.6009
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.6469
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.6664
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.7008
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.7769
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.8408
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.8622
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.8866
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.9332
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.9478
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 4.2494
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.2962
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 4.3206
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.4352
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 4.5844
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.6769
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.7267
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 4.7359
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.7888
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.0275
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.0879
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.1447
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.5748
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Hamden",
    "East Haven",
    "Milford",
    "Shelton",
    "Groton",
    "Bloomfield",
    "New London",
    "Vernon",
    "Torrington",
    "Watertown",
    "Enfield",
    "Wallingford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 0.5066
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.7949
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 0.8402
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 0.9066
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 0.9115
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 0.9298
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.94
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 0.9567
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.9963
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.1009
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.1576
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.1754
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.1941
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.2228
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.2288
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.2331
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.2843
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.2863
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.2891
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.2966
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.306
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.3094
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.3367
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.3389
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.3777
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.4063
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.4332
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.438
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.4393
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.4394
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4798
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.4807
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.4811
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.4831
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.4883
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.4908
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.5025
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.5076
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.508
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.5153
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.5176
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.5731
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.5873
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.5964
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.5974
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.617
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.6891
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.6959
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.7001
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.7157
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.7274
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.7306
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.7564
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 1.7665
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.7669
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.7755
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.7775
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.7831
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.7917
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.8014
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}