{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for New London, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to New London in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG I) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "New London",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 27560
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 3164.24
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 118238.710414
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.114813
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0367
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "East Haven",
    "Torrington",
    "Norwich",
    "Killingly",
    "West Haven",
    "Ansonia",
    "Plymouth",
    "Bristol",
    "Derby",
    "Seymour",
    "Winchester",
    "Stafford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.6241
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.6318
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 0.6578
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.7128
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 0.792
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.807
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.8167
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 0.9697
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.979
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.0037
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.0686
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.1046
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.1053
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.2142
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.229
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.234
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.2623
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.2693
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.317
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.3575
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.3675
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.3779
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.3791
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.4254
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.4491
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.4548
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.4713
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 1.4967
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 1.6031
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.6057
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.6313
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.6928
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.6984
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.7014
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.7137
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.7857
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 1.7907
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.8085
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.8161
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.8196
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.8521
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.8749
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.8994
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.9549
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.9643
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.9672
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.9793
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 1.9798
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.0051
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.0239
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.0291
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.0433
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.0619
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.0728
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.0935
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.0988
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 2.1027
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.1487
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.1615
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.1755
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.188
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.2413
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.2428
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.2649
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.2769
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.3125
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.3391
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.3438
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.3535
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.3642
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.3665
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.3671
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.4252
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.4625
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.4665
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.4731
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.4755
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.4766
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.4779
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.4843
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.5324
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.5394
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.5414
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.5443
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.5483
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.5675
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.5875
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.6177
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.6272
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.6457
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.6471
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.6502
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.6562
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.6762
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.7371
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.7387
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.7457
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.7798
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.8036
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.8413
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.8449
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.8693
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.8869
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.8928
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.9035
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.9083
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.9228
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.9367
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.9411
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.9691
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.9856
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.9884
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.9981
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 3.0325
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.0361
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.045
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 3.0507
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.0849
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.1028
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 3.105
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.1058
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 3.119
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 3.1492
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.2557
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 3.2656
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 3.2835
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.3136
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 3.3357
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.3731
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 3.3788
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.3902
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.3932
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.4025
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 3.4223
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.4244
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 3.5311
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 3.5421
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 3.5444
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.5527
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.6038
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 3.6146
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 3.6348
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.6439
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 3.7174
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 3.7487
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.8017
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 3.8175
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.8246
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 3.8359
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.9672
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 4.0056
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 4.231
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 4.2466
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 4.2556
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 4.4266
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.6835
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.7198
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 4.7529
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.9301
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 4.9771
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.0113
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 5.1209
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.2038
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.2283
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 5.3728
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 5.6358
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.6713
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 5.7783
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "East Haven",
    "Torrington",
    "Vernon",
    "Montville",
    "Ansonia",
    "Enfield",
    "Derby",
    "Killingly",
    "Norwich",
    "Plymouth",
    "Plainville",
    "Hamden"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.169
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.2516
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 0.3547
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.4572
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.5249
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 0.56
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.6551
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.6661
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 0.6694
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.7066
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.7151
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 0.7242
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 0.7422
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.785
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.7864
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.7871
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 0.8172
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.8274
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 0.9027
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 0.93
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 0.94
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 0.9566
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 0.9606
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.9661
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.9925
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.9995
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.0408
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 1.052
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.0576
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.0594
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.0645
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.0836
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.0895
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.0939
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.0981
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.1046
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.1947
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.2094
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.2095
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.2136
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.2632
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.2723
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.2837
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.2926
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.3016
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.321
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.3473
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.3518
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.3537
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.3583
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.3603
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.3759
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.4044
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.4126
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 1.4194
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4483
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.4634
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.4689
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.4725
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.4825
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 95.9,
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  }
 }
}