{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Norwich, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Norwich in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG H) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Norwich",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 39881
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 4960.21
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 96168.814348
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.124375
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0371
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "West Haven",
    "New London",
    "Torrington",
    "Ansonia",
    "Bristol",
    "Meriden",
    "Naugatuck",
    "East Haven",
    "Plymouth",
    "Manchester",
    "Killingly",
    "New Haven"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 0.5291
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.6578
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.8326
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.9
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 0.9036
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 0.959
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.0497
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.0556
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.1412
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.2076
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.2116
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.2631
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 1.3031
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 1.327
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.3516
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.3621
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.4012
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.4112
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.4149
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.435
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.4371
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.5331
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.5462
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 1.568
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.6026
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.621
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.6661
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.6817
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.7245
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.8111
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.8151
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.8566
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.9038
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.9584
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.9837
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.0405
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.1337
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.1446
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.1541
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.1687
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.2354
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.2369
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.2373
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.2711
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.2778
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.3262
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.3372
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.3468
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.3593
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.3846
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.3892
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.3894
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.3982
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.4216
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.4337
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.457
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.4682
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.487
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.4885
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.5325
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.5337
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.5348
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.5434
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.5487
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.5669
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.5718
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.6571
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.6829
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.6916
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.6933
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.7111
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.7222
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.7288
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 2.7326
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.7432
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.7476
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.7578
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.779
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.7923
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.7962
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.8033
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.8502
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.8509
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.8731
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.8816
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.8898
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.9003
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.9024
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.9274
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.959
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.9686
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 2.9753
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.9896
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.9965
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 3.0152
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 3.0158
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 3.0286
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 3.034
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 3.0791
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 3.1065
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.1072
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 3.1218
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.123
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 3.1543
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.1799
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.1832
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.2002
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 3.2024
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 3.2104
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 3.2644
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 3.2862
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 3.2922
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 3.3176
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 3.3337
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.3367
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.3409
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 3.3491
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 3.4113
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 3.4204
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 3.4298
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.4349
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 3.4358
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 3.4726
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.526
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 3.5341
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.5956
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 3.6024
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.6166
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.6495
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.6725
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 3.7226
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 3.7634
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 3.7685
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.8063
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 3.8123
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 3.8472
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 3.8762
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.8957
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.9238
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 4.0105
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 4.0173
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 4.0344
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 4.0641
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.117
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 4.164
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 4.1984
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 4.2785
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 4.3619
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 4.3807
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 4.4093
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 4.5588
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 4.7611
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 4.8397
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 4.8604
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 4.9857
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.0639
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 5.0814
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.1639
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 5.2962
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 5.3404
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.3971
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.44
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 5.5512
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 5.6862
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.847
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 5.95
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 6.1971
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 6.3596
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "West Haven",
    "Torrington",
    "Manchester",
    "Windham",
    "Enfield",
    "New London",
    "Vernon",
    "Ansonia",
    "East Haven",
    "Bristol",
    "Naugatuck",
    "Montville"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 0.3489
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.5052
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 0.5483
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 0.6098
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 0.6251
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.6694
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 0.6762
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.6955
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.8246
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 0.8375
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 0.8948
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.922
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.9833
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 0.9853
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.032
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.0396
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.0425
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.0599
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.072
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.1236
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.1437
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.1614
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.1703
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 1.176
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.1897
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.2246
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.2426
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 1.2463
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.2841
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.2857
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.3044
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.3281
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.4114
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.4176
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.4349
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.438
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.4639
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.4913
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.496
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.5054
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.5094
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.529
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.5594
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.5697
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.5819
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.5927
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.5979
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.6153
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.6444
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.6603
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.6711
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.6743
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.6743
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6898
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.6915
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 1.693
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.6957
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.7369
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.7538
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.7645
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}