{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Preston, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Preston in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Preston",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 4829
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 640.1
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 185362.922137
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.132553
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0351
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Lisbon",
    "Putnam",
    "North Canaan",
    "Brooklyn",
    "Prospect",
    "Sprague",
    "Thomaston",
    "Ashford",
    "Windsor Locks",
    "Canterbury",
    "Lebanon",
    "Stafford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.4587
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.8973
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.9071
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.9263
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.9555
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.9635
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.071
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.0724
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.0804
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.0898
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.0927
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.1048
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.1897
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.1984
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.2439
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.2484
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.2955
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.3405
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.3446
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.351
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.3511
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.384
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.4064
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.4109
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.4201
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.4286
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.451
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4586
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.4608
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.4909
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.5259
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.5328
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.5542
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.5581
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.5786
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.6075
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.6193
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.626
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.6286
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.6389
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.6488
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.6551
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.669
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6743
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.6846
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.6926
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.6978
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.7258
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.7457
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.7823
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.8013
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.8155
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.8228
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.8458
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.8624
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.8677
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.8763
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 1.8969
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.9132
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.9162
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.9452
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.9544
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.9559
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.9793
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.982
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.9984
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.0091
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.0248
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.0259
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.0419
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.0435
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.0442
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.0554
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.0606
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.0635
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.0674
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.0701
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.0898
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.1053
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.1085
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.1256
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.1271
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.1431
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.1517
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.1527
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.1764
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.1981
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.2059
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.2336
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.2502
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.2556
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.2586
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.3074
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.3152
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.3261
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.3466
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.3583
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.3636
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.3955
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.3961
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.4023
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.413
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.4216
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.4234
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.4245
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.4406
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.4743
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.4839
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 2.4972
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.5025
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.5227
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.5303
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.541
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.5484
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.5558
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.5809
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.5952
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.5956
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.6124
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.649
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.656
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.6612
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.6779
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.6963
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.71
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 2.7512
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.7921
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 2.801
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.8096
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.8407
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.845
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.8474
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.8638
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.9245
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.997
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 3.0129
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.0374
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.0709
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.1004
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 3.1124
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 3.2019
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.2039
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.205
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.2066
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.2143
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.2435
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.3056
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.3248
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.4146
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.462
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 3.5218
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.5875
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.7859
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.8073
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.8688
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.9937
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 4.0302
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.212
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.293
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.3171
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.4399
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 4.5043
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 4.6199
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.6588
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.6806
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 5.0289
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Pomfret",
    "Harwinton",
    "New Hartford",
    "Lisbon",
    "Durham",
    "Salem",
    "Lebanon",
    "Haddam",
    "Columbia",
    "Barkhamsted",
    "Canterbury",
    "Bolton"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.1817
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.2424
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.2938
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.379
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.4198
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.4348
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.4647
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.5247
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.5313
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.538
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.5572
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.5713
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.6095
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.6674
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.7087
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.7299
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.7482
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.7578
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.7699
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.7718
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.7779
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.7848
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.7952
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.7973
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.8051
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 0.8066
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.8122
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.8161
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.8416
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.843
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.866
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.8946
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.9007
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.9091
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.9168
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.9278
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.9286
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.9387
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.9445
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.9619
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.9627
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.9687
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.9902
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.9902
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.9928
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.0039
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.0187
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.0346
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.0395
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.0398
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.0783
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.109
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.1254
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.1323
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.1528
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1534
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.1588
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.1885
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.1911
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.194
    },
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 78.1,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}