{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Sterling, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Sterling in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG F) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Sterling",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 3644
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 439.19
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 146687.301317
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.120524
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.043
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Derby",
    "Lisbon",
    "Winchester",
    "Ansonia",
    "Plymouth",
    "North Canaan",
    "Preston",
    "Killingly",
    "Sprague",
    "Ashford",
    "Putnam",
    "Windham"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.6271
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.7753
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.8138
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.828
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.8604
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.8969
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.0407
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.0587
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.1096
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.1136
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 2.1684
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.1692
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.3021
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.3426
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.3535
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.4066
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.4342
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.435
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.5915
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.6829
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.6888
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.7175
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.7209
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.7496
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.7497
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.7883
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.8368
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.8409
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.8514
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.8785
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.8805
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.8833
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.8851
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.8933
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.9146
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.919
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.9222
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.9244
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.939
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.9423
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.9963
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 3.0121
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.0463
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 3.0479
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 3.0536
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.0542
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.0657
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 3.067
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.0731
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.0791
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 3.1381
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 3.1398
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.1853
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 3.188
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 3.2014
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 3.2401
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 3.2619
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 3.3033
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.3089
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.3741
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.3855
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 3.4058
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.4078
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 3.4082
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.4228
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 3.4346
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.4475
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 3.4739
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 3.4845
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 3.4915
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 3.4969
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.5013
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 3.5031
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.5066
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 3.5092
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 3.5233
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 3.5421
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 3.5425
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 3.5495
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 3.5806
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 3.5866
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 3.5913
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.6417
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 3.6621
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 3.6622
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 3.6654
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.6664
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 3.684
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.6973
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 3.7119
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 3.7254
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 3.7286
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 3.7392
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 3.7394
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 3.7501
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.7759
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 3.7789
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 3.7797
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 3.8228
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 3.8299
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 3.839
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.8401
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 3.8438
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.847
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 3.8591
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 3.862
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 3.8666
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.8797
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 3.8947
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.9011
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.913
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.927
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 3.9339
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 3.9501
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 3.951
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.9564
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.9591
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.9765
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 3.9968
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 3.9978
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 4.0038
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 4.0072
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 4.0164
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 4.0526
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 4.0875
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 4.1779
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 4.1803
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.2237
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 4.2277
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 4.231
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 4.2386
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 4.2516
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 4.2614
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 4.3043
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 4.3226
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 4.3298
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 4.365
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 4.3682
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 4.4122
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.4263
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 4.4726
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 4.533
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 4.5587
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 4.6031
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 4.6379
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 4.6394
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 4.6442
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 4.6929
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 4.7171
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.7225
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 4.768
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 4.8063
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.8511
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 4.9026
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.969
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 5.1139
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 5.1856
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 5.4099
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.4639
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.6529
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.6663
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 5.7109
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.7576
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 5.7933
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 6.0647
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 6.1511
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 6.2572
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Andover",
    "Canterbury",
    "Sprague",
    "Columbia",
    "Ashford",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Middlefield",
    "Salem",
    "Willington",
    "Voluntown",
    "Chaplin",
    "Barkhamsted"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.2837
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.3237
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.3388
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.3463
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.3911
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.4432
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.4853
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.5399
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.5769
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.5793
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.5959
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.6125
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.62
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.6207
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.6218
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.6877
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.7299
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.7344
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.7799
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.7818
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.7974
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.8934
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 0.9069
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.9177
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.9212
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.9304
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 0.9442
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.959
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.9655
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 0.9705
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.9838
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.9908
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.0322
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0609
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.0801
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.0845
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.0915
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.1416
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.1453
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.1559
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.1632
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.167
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.17
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.1855
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.1959
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.2146
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.2693
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.2702
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.2824
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.2841
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.301
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.3176
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.3258
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.3364
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.3366
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.3532
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.3613
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.4213
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
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    {
     "town": "West Haven",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 87.0,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
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 }
}