{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Union, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Union in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Union",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 797
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 75.0
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 243233.951066
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.094103
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.029
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Hartland",
    "Eastford",
    "Morris",
    "Norfolk",
    "Colebrook",
    "Canaan",
    "Hampton",
    "Franklin",
    "Scotland",
    "Chester",
    "Voluntown",
    "Chaplin"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.0513
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.1251
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.1292
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 1.1658
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.2432
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 1.3185
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.3234
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.3781
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.4204
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.4768
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.4868
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.5652
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.6074
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.7455
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.7483
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.7927
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 1.8123
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.8258
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.8519
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.8558
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 1.8818
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.8959
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 1.9207
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 1.9841
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.001
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.0328
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.0592
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.0814
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 2.0937
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.1006
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.1162
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.1642
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.1727
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.2626
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.2951
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.3047
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.3111
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.3173
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.32
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.3219
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.3684
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.437
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.4744
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.4791
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.512
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5326
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.5815
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.5952
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 2.6192
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.6463
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.7067
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.718
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.7301
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.7372
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.7454
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.7528
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.7826
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.7871
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.8115
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.8238
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.8447
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.8458
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.8672
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.8734
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.8832
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.906
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 2.9101
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.9357
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.9407
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.9651
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.985
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.9899
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 3.0049
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.0163
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 3.0179
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 3.067
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 3.0741
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 3.0853
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.0861
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.0993
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 3.1333
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 3.1405
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 3.1585
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 3.1941
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 3.1969
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 3.2096
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.2263
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.2325
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 3.2325
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 3.2425
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.2428
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 3.2741
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 3.2976
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 3.3687
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 3.3689
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 3.3764
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.3812
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 3.394
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.4015
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 3.4212
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 3.4212
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.4246
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 3.4378
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 3.4732
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.5186
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 3.5323
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.5629
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.5718
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.5794
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.5822
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.6143
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.6169
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 3.6311
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 3.6414
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.6567
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.6886
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 3.693
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.6973
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.7192
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.7197
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.7255
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.7316
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.7835
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 3.7956
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 3.8035
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.8078
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.8284
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.8558
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.8622
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.9222
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 3.9851
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 4.0056
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 4.0169
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 4.0282
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 4.0715
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 4.1436
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 4.1747
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.1835
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 4.2679
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.3284
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 4.3396
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 4.4014
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 4.4134
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.4533
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 4.4711
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 4.4976
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.5485
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 4.5489
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 4.5581
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 4.5588
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 4.5653
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.6535
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 4.7177
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 4.7444
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.8918
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.9196
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 5.0381
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.0552
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 5.1923
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 5.2503
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 5.3335
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.3355
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.4058
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.7194
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 5.7791
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 5.8836
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 6.9919
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 7.0205
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Canaan",
    "Hartland",
    "Norfolk",
    "Morris",
    "Colebrook",
    "Hampton",
    "Eastford",
    "Bozrah",
    "Bethlehem",
    "Goshen",
    "Scotland",
    "Cornwall"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 0.728
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 0.8959
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 0.9395
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.08
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.0913
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.1225
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.1755
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.2797
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.3309
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 1.365
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.3772
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 1.4362
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.443
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.4702
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.5164
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.5374
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 1.5505
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 1.5596
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.6115
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.6202
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.6259
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 1.6372
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.7806
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.7907
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.7952
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.8273
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.8417
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.8794
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.9453
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.9956
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.998
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.0368
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 2.1096
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.1297
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.1489
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.1626
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.1705
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.1989
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.2146
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.2537
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.2726
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.2847
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.2885
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.2996
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.3041
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.3043
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.3438
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 2.3629
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.3983
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.4177
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.4288
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.4496
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.4912
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 2.5054
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.517
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.5419
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 2.5458
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.622
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.6457
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.6873
    },
    {
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 39.1,
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 }
}