{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Waterbury, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Waterbury in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG I) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Waterbury",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 114990
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 18447.55
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 88529.173224
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.160427
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0483
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Hartford",
    "New Britain",
    "East Hartford",
    "Bridgeport",
    "Windham",
    "Meriden",
    "Ansonia",
    "Norwich",
    "Bristol",
    "Stratford",
    "West Haven",
    "Derby"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 1.0743
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 1.528
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.0891
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 2.1355
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 2.202
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.4128
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.8978
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.9753
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.2199
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 3.2433
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.25
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.2885
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 3.3073
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.313
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 3.3788
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.5837
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.587
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 3.7214
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.7789
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.8634
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 3.88
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.9322
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 3.9669
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 4.0755
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 4.1068
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 4.1558
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 4.1625
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 4.18
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 4.1828
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 4.2504
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 4.2534
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 4.2583
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 4.2887
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 4.309
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 4.3622
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 4.4042
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 4.4765
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 4.4765
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 4.4928
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 4.5043
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 4.5345
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 4.5903
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 4.6109
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 4.619
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 4.6614
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 4.7196
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 4.7245
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 4.7359
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 4.7484
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.7505
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 4.7754
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 4.776
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 4.7967
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 4.8436
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.8441
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 4.8459
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 4.8733
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 4.8784
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.8825
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 4.9308
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 4.963
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 4.9676
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 4.9704
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 4.9767
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 5.0097
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 5.0314
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 5.0481
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 5.066
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 5.0931
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 5.1008
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 5.106
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 5.1245
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 5.13
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 5.1417
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 5.1468
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 5.1637
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 5.174
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 5.1805
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 5.1811
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 5.1949
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 5.2089
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 5.2361
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 5.2366
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 5.2428
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 5.2461
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 5.286
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 5.2908
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 5.3096
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 5.3154
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 5.3203
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 5.3386
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 5.3583
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 5.3753
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 5.3754
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 5.4087
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 5.4098
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 5.4426
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 5.4441
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 5.452
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 5.4532
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 5.4804
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 5.4823
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 5.4948
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 5.5229
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 5.5243
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 5.5358
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 5.5694
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 5.5835
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 5.6007
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 5.6088
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 5.6106
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 5.6176
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 5.6187
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 5.6295
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 5.6846
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 5.7205
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 5.7498
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 5.7573
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 5.8226
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 5.8352
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 5.8359
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 5.8415
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 5.8695
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 5.9212
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 5.9224
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 5.9963
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 6.0098
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 6.0243
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 6.0696
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 6.0713
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 6.0725
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 6.0958
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 6.1051
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 6.108
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 6.1727
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 6.204
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 6.2196
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 6.2916
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 6.3115
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 6.3316
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 6.4736
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 6.4792
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 6.5467
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 6.547
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 6.549
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 6.568
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 6.6007
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 6.6036
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 6.6275
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 6.6858
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 6.6923
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 6.7925
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 6.8422
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 6.8546
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 6.9606
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 6.9919
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 6.9954
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 7.3698
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 7.3831
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 7.3873
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 7.4476
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 7.4881
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 7.7057
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 8.0643
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 8.2805
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 8.388
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 8.7699
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 8.969
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "New Britain",
    "East Hartford",
    "Meriden",
    "Hartford",
    "Bridgeport",
    "New Haven",
    "Naugatuck",
    "Manchester",
    "Bristol",
    "West Haven",
    "Norwich",
    "Windham"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 0.6194
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 0.7307
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 0.7549
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 0.9554
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.1892
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.2294
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.3467
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.553
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.5871
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.588
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.693
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 1.7247
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.7379
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.7691
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.8415
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.9208
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.963
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.9938
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.0011
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.0153
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.047
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.0849
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.0892
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.0949
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.1138
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.1312
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.1723
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.1755
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.1781
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.1818
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.2353
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.2611
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.2695
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.303
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.3135
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.3241
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.3245
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.3377
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.3498
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.3574
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.3799
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.4082
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.4097
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.4445
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.4768
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.4849
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.5067
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.5089
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.5092
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.5193
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.5297
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.5416
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.5606
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.5673
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.574
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.5843
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.609
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.6135
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.6149
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.6267
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}