{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Windham, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Windham in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG I) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Windham",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 23833
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 3194.37
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 81669.546511
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.134031
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0421
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Ansonia",
    "New Britain",
    "East Hartford",
    "Norwich",
    "Meriden",
    "Derby",
    "Plymouth",
    "New London",
    "Bridgeport",
    "West Haven",
    "Naugatuck",
    "Killingly"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.0061
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 1.1594
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 1.2768
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.3031
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 1.3798
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.3809
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.5361
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.6031
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.7761
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.803
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.8604
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.8737
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.9992
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 2.0165
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.0605
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.1684
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.1717
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.1719
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.1805
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 2.202
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.2054
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.2266
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.2307
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.2982
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.3649
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.3758
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.4568
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.4735
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.4758
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.4957
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.5059
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.5845
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.5945
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.6589
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.6605
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.7512
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.8232
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.8323
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.87
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.8772
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.8971
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.9399
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.9454
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.9508
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.966
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.9759
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 3.0572
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 3.1232
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 3.1627
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.1662
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.1662
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.1976
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 3.2211
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 3.2225
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 3.2348
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.249
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 3.2587
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 3.2592
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 3.2639
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 3.2991
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 3.3111
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 3.381
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.4378
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 3.4396
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.467
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 3.4766
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 3.5285
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 3.537
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 3.5414
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 3.5463
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 3.5844
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.5855
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 3.5884
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 3.5961
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.6002
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 3.6224
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 3.6365
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.6561
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 3.6817
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 3.6848
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 3.6989
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 3.6992
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 3.7241
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 3.7416
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 3.7571
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 3.7635
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.7642
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.7987
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 3.8159
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 3.8258
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 3.8443
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.8478
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.857
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.8609
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 3.8709
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 3.8962
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 3.9218
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 3.9274
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 3.9342
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 3.9371
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 3.9376
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 3.9868
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.9884
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.0223
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 4.0281
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 4.0381
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 4.0391
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 4.0478
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 4.0791
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 4.0808
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 4.0879
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 4.1075
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 4.1449
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 4.1553
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 4.1641
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 4.1913
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 4.2191
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 4.2332
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 4.2514
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 4.2533
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 4.2756
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 4.2916
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 4.2926
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 4.298
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 4.3073
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 4.3142
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.3613
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 4.3953
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 4.4126
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 4.4474
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 4.468
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 4.5033
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 4.5554
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 4.5913
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 4.5966
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 4.6275
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.6681
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 4.7123
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 4.7285
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 4.7297
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 4.7738
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 4.7767
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 4.8329
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.8449
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 4.8461
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 4.8541
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 4.9457
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 5.0381
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 5.1655
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 5.2038
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 5.3017
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 5.5319
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 5.62
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 5.6301
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.7129
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.7338
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 5.7506
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 5.8598
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.9597
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 5.9945
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 6.0451
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 6.1526
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 6.3148
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 6.417
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 6.4827
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 6.8067
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 7.0659
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 7.2411
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Norwich",
    "Ansonia",
    "Griswold",
    "West Haven",
    "Naugatuck",
    "Torrington",
    "Wolcott",
    "Plymouth",
    "Meriden",
    "New London",
    "Vernon",
    "Manchester"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 0.6098
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.7766
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.8817
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 0.9184
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 0.9197
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.9951
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.0171
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.0227
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 1.0368
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.052
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.0531
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.0783
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.0969
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.0976
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.1082
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 1.1505
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 1.1886
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.2185
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.2589
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.2662
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.2905
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.3022
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.3137
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.3706
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.4076
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.433
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.4348
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.4355
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.454
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.4836
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 1.4934
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.4987
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 1.5584
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.565
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.5755
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.6042
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.6042
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.6084
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.6156
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.6184
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.6996
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 1.7247
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.7259
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.7766
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.7782
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.7798
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 1.7937
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.8211
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.8265
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.8331
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.8466
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.8501
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.8559
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.8655
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.8809
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.8916
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.9021
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.9238
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.9482
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.9672
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}